Phases of Retirement Phase 2

The second stage of retirement is the Decline Phase. People in the Decline Phase have at least one mild physical limitation. During this phase, people become more likely to experience declines in physical and cognitive health. They are also more likely to experience declines in mental health as a result of increased risk of bereavement, isolation and dependence from a Partner for the provision of care

The Decline Phase of later life is associated with:

• Declines in physical health, though less severe than those associated with the Dependent Phase.

• Increased risk of accelerated cognitive declines, though again less severe than those associated with the Dependent Phase.

• Less freedom and control over how time is spent, as physical limitations begin to reduce people’s ability to engage with more strenuous activities. Poor health, low incomes and competing demands such as caring responsibilities can be a barrier to many older people accessing the benefits of pursuing positive retirement activities, particularly as they transition into the Decline and Dependent Phases.

• Increased likelihood of losing a spouse or partner, which can lead to declines in mental and emotional wellbeing, loneliness and further physical declines, particularly if not adequately prepared for this loss.

Once individuals’ transition into the Decline Phase, they could benefit from support in maintaining physical health and where possible slowing declines in order to protect them from the more severe risks present in the Dependent Phase