Stages of Retirement Phase 3

The third stage of retirement is the Dependent Stage. The Dependent Phase of later life is associated with:

• More severe physical declines and limitations, which may limit individuals in this phase from continued independent living. 12% of those aged 80 and over live in residential and nursing homes. Half (47%) of those in the Dependent Phase says that their health prevents them from doing the things they would like to do.

• A significantly increased risk of experiencing accelerated cognitive decline as the probability of suffering dementia increases with age. One in three people aged 95 and older suffer from dementia, compared to one in six aged over 80 and one in fourteen aged over 65.97

• High risk of loneliness and other experiences of adverse mental and emotional wellbeing. 14% of people in the Dependent Phase say they lack companionship, feel isolated from others or feel lonely often.

• High risk of social exclusion as severe physical limitations inhibits individuals from actively engaging with their community, as well as accessing basic services. Around one in five people in the Dependent Phase find it difficult or even impossible to access basic services such as banks, shops and GPs.

People in the Dependent Phase have at least one severe physical limitation. During this phase, risks especially during the Decline Phase increase further. While transitioning into the Dependent Phase does not necessarily mean that an individual will have to move into a care facility, they are likely to need substantial support if they are to continue living independently, as well as being protected from increased risk of social isolation.